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---
name: music-library-management
description: Manage local music libraries — tag, rename, and organize files with beets and mutagen. Absorbed music-renamer (mutagen-based in-place rename workflow).
category: media
---
# Music Library Management
Tag, rename, and organize local music files. Covers beets (music library manager) for metadata-aware
workflows and mutagen for fast bulk operations when files already have clean ID3 tags.
## Triggers
- User wants to rename/tag/organize music files
- User asks about beets, mutagen, or music file metadata
- User has a collection of mp3/flac/m4a files that need cleanup
## Prerequisites
Install beets (includes mutagen as a dependency):
```bash
pip install --break-system-packages beets
```
Config lives at `~/.config/beets/config.yaml`.
## Workflow Decision
### Use beets when:
- Files need MusicBrainz tagging (missing or wrong metadata)
- You want to reorganize files into a standard Artist/Album/Track structure
- You need beets' query and library features long-term
- Small batch (<100 files) — even with MusicBrainz timeout, it's manageable
### Use mutagen directly when:
- Files already have clean ID3 tags (artist, title, album present)
- Bulk renaming is the only goal (format change, not metadata enrichment)
- Large batch (100+ files) — beets import is too slow per-file
- In-place renaming (keep directory structure, just fix filenames)
## Beets Workflow
### Configuration (`~/.config/beets/config.yaml`)
```yaml
directory: /path/to/music/root
library: /path/to/music/root/musiclibrary.db
import:
copy: no
move: no # no for import-only; yes when ready to reorganize
write: yes
quiet: yes # skip confirmation prompts
# Treat loose singles as a compilation
singletons:
album: Singles
albumartist: Various Artists
compilation: yes
paths:
singleton: %(artist)s - %(title)s
comp: Compilations/%(album)s/%(artist)s - %(title)s
default: %(albumartist)s/%(album)s/%(track)02d - %(title)s
```
### Import files into the library
```bash
# Slow — hits MusicBrainz per file. Use -A (no autotag) if tags are already good.
beet import -A -q --singletons /path/to/music/dir/
```
### Query and rename already-imported files
```bash
# Dry run: see what would change
beet ls -f '$path || $artist - $title' 'query'
# Actually rename (moves per path template in config)
beet move 'query'
```
For in-place renaming with beets, the path template must match the directory
structure. Beets always uses `directory + path_template` — it cannot rename
within arbitrary subdirectories without moving.
## Mutagen Bulk Rename
When beets import is too slow and files already have ID3 tags, use the script at
`scripts/bulk-rename.py`. It walks a directory tree, reads artist/title from tags
via mutagen, and renames in-place to `Artist - Title.ext`.
## Linked files
- `scripts/bulk-rename.py` — Bulk in-place rename using mutagen ID3 tags
- `scripts/rename_by_tags.py` — Alternative rename script (absorbed from music-renamer)
The script handles:
- Collisions (appends `(1)`, `(2)` to duplicates in the same directory)
- Special characters (strips `/` and null bytes)
- Files already correctly named (skips)
## Quick Rename Workflow (mutagen, absorbed from `music-renamer`)
For the specific use case of renaming files in-place using embedded ID3 tags
(files already have good tags, just need cleaner filenames), use the script at
`scripts/rename_by_tags.py`. It walks a directory tree, reads artist/title from
mutagen, and renames to `Artist - Title.ext`.
### Trigger for this workflow
User asks to rename/organize music files, clean up filenames, strip number prefixes
from downloaded music.
### Step 1 — Determine scope
**CRITICAL**: Confirm which directories the user wants renamed. Never assume "all music."
Use `find` with a `-regex` pattern to count files with number prefixes:
```bash
find /path/to/music -type f -regex ".*/[0-9]+\. .*"
```
Files with number prefixes (e.g., `123. Title.mp3`) are the unrenamed ones.
### Step 2 — Run the rename script
Use `scripts/rename_by_tags.py` via `execute_code`. The script:
- Walks a base directory recursively
- Reads artist/title from ID3 tags via mutagen
- Renames files to `Artist - Title.ext` in-place (same directory)
- Skips files already in the correct format
- Handles collisions by appending `(1)`, `(2)` etc.
- Handles slashes in artist/title by replacing with `-`
### Step 3 — Verify
```bash
ls /path/to/music/some-folder/ | head -10
find /path/to/music -regex ".*/[0-9]+\. .*" | wc -l # should be 0
```
### When to use mutagen vs beets
| Scenario | Tool |
|---|---|
| Files already have good ID3 tags, just need renaming | **mutagen** (scripts/rename_by_tags.py) |
| Files have NO tags, need to be matched against MusicBrainz | **beets import** (with autotag) |
| Small batch (< 50 files) needing autotag | **beets import** is fine |
| Large batch (> 100 files) | **mutagen** — beets import will time out |
### User preferences
- Ray prefers mutagen over beets for bulk renaming
- Always confirm directory scope — don't expand beyond what was asked
## Pitfalls
- **Beets import is slow**: Even with `-A` (no autotag), beets still does per-file
MusicBrainz lookups. Expect ~1-3 seconds per file. For 1000+ files, mutagen is
the right choice.
- **Beets `move` vs in-place**: `beet move` respects `directory + path_template`.
It cannot do truly in-place renames within arbitrary subdirectories. For in-place
renames, use mutagen or a script as above.
- **`beet update`**: Updates metadata FROM files TO library — not the reverse.
Does not update stored paths after external renames.
- **Config YAML quoting**: Beets path templates use `%(var)s` syntax. The YAML
linter may warn about unquoted `%` characters but beets parses them correctly.
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# Beets config — in-place (no-move) setup
directory: /mnt/seagate8tb/Music
library: /mnt/seagate8tb/Music/musiclibrary.db
import:
copy: no
move: no
write: yes
quiet: yes
# Singleton mode: treat all files as individual tracks (not albums).
# Use this when you have compilation/playlist folders, not proper albums.
singletons:
album: Singles
albumartist: Various Artists
compilation: yes
paths:
singleton: %(artist)s - %(title)s
comp: Compilations/%(album)s/%(artist)s - %(title)s
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Bulk-rename music files in-place using ID3 tags via mutagen.
Reads artist/title from file metadata and renames to `Artist - Title.ext`.
Handles collisions, special characters, and files already correctly named.
Usage:
python3 bulk-rename.py /path/to/music/dir
Place in ~/.hermes/skills/media/music-library-management/scripts/
"""
import os
import sys
from mutagen import File
def sanitize(name):
return name.replace('/', '-').replace('\x00', '')
def rename_tree(base):
renamed = 0
skipped_tag = 0
skipped_ok = 0
errors = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base):
for fname in files:
if not fname.lower().endswith(('.mp3', '.flac', '.m4a', '.ogg')):
continue
fullpath = os.path.join(root, fname)
try:
audio = File(fullpath, easy=True)
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"READ {fullpath}: {e}")
continue
if audio is None or not audio.tags:
skipped_tag += 1
continue
artist = audio.tags.get('artist', [None])[0]
title = audio.tags.get('title', [None])[0]
if not artist or not title:
skipped_tag += 1
continue
ext = os.path.splitext(fname)[1]
new_name = f"{sanitize(artist)} - {sanitize(title)}{ext}"
new_path = os.path.join(root, new_name)
if fullpath == new_path:
skipped_ok += 1
continue
# Handle collisions
counter = 1
while os.path.exists(new_path) and new_path != fullpath:
name_no_ext = f"{sanitize(artist)} - {sanitize(title)} ({counter})"
new_path = os.path.join(root, name_no_ext + ext)
counter += 1
try:
os.rename(fullpath, new_path)
renamed += 1
except OSError as e:
errors.append(f"RENAME {fullpath}: {e}")
print(f"Renamed: {renamed}")
print(f"Skipped (no tags): {skipped_tag}")
print(f"Skipped (already correct): {skipped_ok}")
print(f"Errors: {len(errors)}")
for e in errors[:20]:
print(f" {e}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} /path/to/music/dir")
sys.exit(1)
rename_tree(sys.argv[1])
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
"""
Rename music files in-place using embedded ID3 tags.
Format: Artist - Title.ext
Handles collisions by appending (1), (2), etc.
Run via execute_code in an Hermes session — mutagen is available in the agent environment.
"""
import os
import sys
from mutagen import File
def rename_by_tags(base_dir: str, extensions: tuple = ('.mp3', '.flac', '.m4a', '.ogg')) -> dict:
"""Walk base_dir and rename all music files to 'Artist - Title.ext' in-place."""
renamed = 0
skipped_tag = 0
skipped_ok = 0
errors = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(base_dir):
for fname in files:
if not fname.lower().endswith(extensions):
continue
fullpath = os.path.join(root, fname)
try:
audio = File(fullpath, easy=True)
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"READ {fullpath}: {e}")
continue
if audio is None or not audio.tags:
skipped_tag += 1
continue
artist = audio.tags.get('artist', [None])[0]
title = audio.tags.get('title', [None])[0]
if not artist or not title:
skipped_tag += 1
continue
new_name = f"{artist} - {title}".replace('/', '-').replace('\x00', '')
ext = os.path.splitext(fname)[1]
new_name += ext
new_path = os.path.join(root, new_name)
if fullpath == new_path:
skipped_ok += 1
continue
# Handle collisions
counter = 1
while os.path.exists(new_path) and new_path != fullpath:
name_no_ext = f"{artist} - {title} ({counter})".replace('/', '-')
new_path = os.path.join(root, name_no_ext + ext)
counter += 1
try:
os.rename(fullpath, new_path)
renamed += 1
except OSError as e:
errors.append(f"RENAME {fullpath}: {e}")
return {
'renamed': renamed,
'skipped_tag': skipped_tag,
'skipped_ok': skipped_ok,
'errors': errors,
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Usage: python rename_by_tags.py /path/to/music")
sys.exit(1)
result = rename_by_tags(sys.argv[1])
print(f"Renamed: {result['renamed']}")
print(f"Skipped (no tags): {result['skipped_tag']}")
print(f"Skipped (already OK): {result['skipped_ok']}")
print(f"Errors: {len(result['errors'])}")
for e in result['errors'][:10]:
print(f" {e}")