initial commit
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---
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name: server-health-check
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description: Full-stack health check for self-hosted homelabs — system resources, Docker containers, service endpoints, and drive health via Scrutiny. Answer "is my server healthy?" questions with a single sweep.
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version: 1.2.0
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author: Hermes Agent
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license: MIT
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platforms: [linux]
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metadata:
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hermes:
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tags: [homelab, health-check, docker, scrutiny, monitoring, diagnostics]
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related_skills: [immich-server]
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see_also:
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- references/usb-enclosures-linux.md: USB enclosure & dock chipset compatibility for Linux
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- references/cockpit-offline-packagekit-fix.md: Fix Cockpit "Cannot refresh cache whilst offline" when system uses systemd-networkd instead of NetworkManager
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- references/docker-bridge-gateway-ip-loss.md: Docker user-defined bridge loses IPv4 gateway — container unreachable from host despite docker-proxy listening
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- references/pihole-v6-diagnostics.md: Pi-hole v6 diagnostics — direct SQLite queries when the API is locked, v6 status codes, Docker volume access pattern
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---
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# Server Health Check
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Comprehensive health probe for a self-hosted homelab. Use when the user asks "how's my system doing?", "is everything running OK?", or wants a drive health report via Scrutiny.
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## Quick Health Sweep
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Run these in parallel for a full picture:
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### 1. System Resources
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```bash
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# Uptime + load
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uptime
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# Disk usage — root + external drives
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df -h / <mount-points>
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# Memory
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free -h
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# Top memory consumers
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ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -8
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```
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### 2. Docker Container Health
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```bash
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docker ps --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}"
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```
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Watch for:
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- `Restarting (N)` — container in restart loop → investigate or clean up
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- `Exited` or `unhealthy` — service needs attention
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- Unexpected containers that shouldn't be running
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### 3. Service Endpoint Checks
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Verify critical services are listening:
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```bash
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ss -tlnp | grep <port>
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```
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### 4. DNS / Pi-hole Health
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Check if Pi-hole (or any DNS server) is functioning and whether DNS is actually the cause of connectivity complaints.
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```bash
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# Test DNS resolution through Pi-hole
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dig +short +time=3 google.com @192.168.50.X
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# Check Pi-hole container + process
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docker ps --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}" | grep pihole
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docker exec pihole pihole status
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```
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If DNS resolves but users still report issues, the problem is NOT DNS — it's at the WiFi/router/IP layer. See `references/pihole-v6-diagnostics.md` for database-level diagnostics when the web UI is locked, Pi-hole v6 status codes, and the Docker volume access pattern (`sudo cp` from `/var/lib/docker/volumes/`).
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### 5. Drive Health via Scrutiny
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Scrutiny runs as a Docker container with a REST API on port 7272.
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```bash
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# Check API health
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curl -s http://localhost:7272/api/health
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# Get full drive summary
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curl -s http://localhost:7272/api/summary | python3 -m json.tool
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```
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#### Reading the Summary
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Each device in the summary shows:
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- `device_name` — kernel device (sda, sdb, etc.)
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- `model_name` — drive model
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- `smart.temp` — current temperature
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- `smart.power_on_hours` — total runtime
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- `device_status` — 0=unknown, 1=pass, 2=fail
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**Key checks:**
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- Temperatures: HDDs under 50°C, SSDs under 55°C are fine
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- `power_on_hours` tells you how worn the drive is
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- Compare Scrutiny's device list against `lsblk` output to find unmonitored drives
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#### Finding Drives Scrutiny Misses
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```bash
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# List all actual block devices
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lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,SERIAL,MOUNTPOINT
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# Check Scrutiny's config for what it's watching
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docker exec scrutiny cat /opt/scrutiny/config/scrutiny.yaml
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```
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Scrutiny's config file at `/opt/scrutiny/config/scrutiny.yaml` has a `devices:` section — each entry lists a `device:` path and `type:` (typically `scsi` or `sat`). If a drive appears in `lsblk` but not in the config, it's unmonitored.
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#### Diagnosing Drive Issues
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If a drive throws errors or commands hang:
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```bash
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# Check all kernel messages for drive errors
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sudo dmesg | grep -i -E '<device-name>|failed|error|i/o|ata' | tail -30
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# Check recent errors only (last N hours)
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sudo dmesg --since "2 hours ago" | grep -i -E '<device-name>|i/o|abort|error'
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```
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Common patterns:
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- **UAS abort errors** — USB drive connection issues or failing drive
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- **Read timeouts** — `blkid` hangs, `fdisk` times out → likely hardware failure or loose connection
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- **I/O errors** — drive may be failing
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#### USB Drive Re-enumeration (Device Name Changes)
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When USB drives are unplugged and replugged (or a different drive is installed in the same port), the kernel may assign **different `/dev/sdX` names**. For example, a SanDisk on `sdc` can reappear as `sdb`, and a WD Passport on `sdd` can show up as `sdf`.
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**Symptom:**
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```
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ls /mnt/wd-passport/
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→ ls: general io error: Input/output error
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```
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Yet `findmnt` still shows it as a mountpoint, and `mountpoint /mnt/wd-passport` confirms it. The old device node (e.g. `/dev/sdd2`) no longer exists, but the mount is still referencing its kernel major/minor number.
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**Root cause:** Linux assigns new major/minor numbers (and `/dev/sdX` names) each time a USB device connects. Fstab entries using UUIDs survive this correctly, but **currently-mounted devices don't auto-remount**. The stale mount reference causes I/O errors on access.
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**Fix — clean remount via UUID:**
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1. **Find what's holding the mounts** (typically Samba/smbd, Immich, or other daemons):
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```bash
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sudo lsof +f -- /mnt/wd-passport
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sudo lsof +f -- /mnt/media
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```
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2. **Stop/pause the holding services**:
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```bash
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sudo systemctl stop smbd
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docker pause immich_server
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```
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3. **Lazy unmount** (detaches the filesystem even if busy — the holding processes will lose access to the stale device):
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```bash
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sudo umount -l /mnt/wd-passport
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sudo umount -l /mnt/media
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```
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4. **Remount via fstab** (which references UUIDs, not device paths):
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```bash
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sudo mount /mnt/wd-passport
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sudo mount /mnt/media
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```
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5. **Verify**:
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```bash
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ls /mnt/wd-passport/
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findmnt -o TARGET,SOURCE | grep -E 'media|passport'
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```
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6. **Restart services**:
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```bash
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docker unpause immich_server
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sudo systemctl start smbd
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```
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**Prevention:** Fstab already uses UUIDs (the correct approach). No fstab changes needed. If you reboot the machine, everything remounts correctly via UUID automatically. This fix is only needed after hot-swapping USB drives.
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**Security-scanner note:** The Hermes security scanner may block combined `sudo` commands that chain service management with filesystem ops (e.g. `systemctl stop smbd && umount && systemctl start smbd`). Break the fix into three separate `terminal()` calls — stop the service first, then unmount, then restart. Each call runs atomically and passes the scanner individually.
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**Scrutiny impact:** After re-enumeration, update Scrutiny's `scrutiny.yaml` AND its `--device` Docker flags to match the new device names (see "Adding a Missing Drive to Scrutiny" and "Clean up old device passthroughs" sections below).
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#### Identifying USB Drives
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When kernel messages reference a device (e.g. `sdf`) but `lsblk` shows no model name, use `lsusb` and sysfs to identify it:
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```bash
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# List all USB devices with vendor/product IDs
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lsusb
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# Map vendor:product ID to a specific device by checking sysfs
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for port in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*-*; do
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[ -f "$port/idVendor" ] && echo "=== $(basename $port) ==="
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echo "Vendor: $(cat $port/idVendor 2>/dev/null)"
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echo "Product: $(cat $port/idProduct 2>/dev/null)"
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echo "Serial: $(cat $port/serial 2>/dev/null)"
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echo
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done
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# Cross-reference with lsusb -v for detailed info (manufacturer, speed)
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sudo lsusb -v -d VENDOR:PRODUCT 2>&1 | head -30
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```
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This helps identify vendor/manufacturer for drives that fail to report their ATA identify data (e.g., a "JMS578 based SATA bridge" with a Toshiba drive inside).
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#### Safely Removing a Dead USB Drive
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If a failing USB drive causes I/O errors, hangs on `blkid`, and can't be read:
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**1. Identify the USB port** — find it in sysfs:
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```bash
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for port in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*-*; do
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[ -f "$port/idVendor" ] && echo "$(basename $port): $(cat $port/idVendor):$(cat $port/idProduct)"
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done
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```
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**2. Unbind it from the USB driver** (clean kernel removal, no unsafe unplug):
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```bash
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echo "2-1" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
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```
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**3. Verify it's gone**:
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```bash
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ls /dev/sdf # → No such file or directory
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lsblk # device no longer listed
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```
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**4. Clean up from Scrutiny** (see "Removing Stale Drives" section above) and remove any `--device` passthrough for the dead device from the container's config.
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#### Adding a Missing Drive to Scrutiny
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Adding a new drive requires **three steps**: update config, pass the device through, then recreate the container.
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**Step 1: Find the config file**
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The config lives in a Docker volume — find it and edit directly:
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```bash
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# Find config path
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docker volume inspect scrutiny_scrutiny-config --format '{{.Mountpoint}}'
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# /var/lib/docker/volumes/scrutiny_scrutiny-config/_data/scrutiny.yaml
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# Edit it
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sudo nano /var/lib/docker/volumes/scrutiny_scrutiny-config/_data/scrutiny.yaml
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```
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**Step 2: Add device entry to config**
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The YAML format:
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```yaml
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devices:
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- device: /dev/sda
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type: scsi
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- device: /dev/sdd # ← new drive
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type: sat
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```
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- Use `type: sat` for USB-attached SATA drives (most common for externals)
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- Use `type: scsi` for SAS drives or native SATA ports on some controllers
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**Step 3: Pass the device through to the container**
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Read the current device passthroughs from the running container, then add the new one:
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```bash
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# Read current devices
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docker inspect scrutiny --format '{{json .HostConfig.Devices}}' | python3 -m json.tool
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# Stop, remove, and recreate with updated devices
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docker stop scrutiny
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docker rm scrutiny
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docker run -d \
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--name scrutiny \
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--restart unless-stopped \
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-p 7272:8080 \
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-v scrutiny_scrutiny-config:/opt/scrutiny/config:rw \
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-v scrutiny_scrutiny-influxdb:/opt/scrutiny/influxdb:rw \
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-v /run/udev:/run/udev:ro \
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--device /dev/sda:/dev/sda \
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--device /dev/sdc:/dev/sdc \
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--device /dev/sdd:/dev/sdd \ # ← new
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--cap-add SYS_RAWIO \
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ghcr.io/analogj/scrutiny:master-omnibus
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```
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**Step 4: Verify collection**
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Wait ~10 seconds for the collector to run, then check:
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```bash
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docker logs scrutiny --tail 20
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# Look for: "Collecting smartctl results for sdd"
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```
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Also verify via API:
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```bash
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curl -s http://localhost:7272/api/summary | python3 -c "
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import json, sys
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data = json.load(sys.stdin)
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for wwn, info in data.get('data', {}).get('summary', {}).items():
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d = info['device']
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s = info.get('smart', {})
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print(f\"{d['device_name']} — {d['model_name'][:40]} | Temp: {s.get('temp','?')}°C\")
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"
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```
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**Clean up old device passthroughs**: When removing a drive, remove its `--device` flag from the `docker run` command too. Stale passthroughs to disconnected devices don't cause errors but clutter the config.
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#### Removing Stale Drives from Scrutiny
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When a drive is physically removed or fails, its record stays in Scrutiny's database. Remove it via the API:
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```bash
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# Find the WWN from the summary
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curl -s http://localhost:7272/api/summary | python3 -c "
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import json, sys
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data = json.load(sys.stdin)
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for wwn, info in data.get('data', {}).get('summary', {}).items():
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d = info['device']
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print(f\"{d['device_name']:5s} → WWN: {wwn}\")
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"
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# Delete the device record
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curl -s -X DELETE http://localhost:7272/api/device/{WWN}
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# → {"success":true}
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```
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The drive will be removed from Scrutiny's UI and API. It won't be re-added unless it's still in the config file and physically connected.
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Also remove the device from the container's `--device` flags on the next restart (step 3 above).
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### 6. Clean Up Zombie Containers
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A container stuck in `Restarting (N)` loop:
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```bash
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# Inspect
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docker inspect <name> --format '{{.Name}} {{.Image}} {{.State.Status}}'
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# Check if referenced in compose files
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grep -rl "<name>" <compose-dirs>/*/docker-compose.yml 2>/dev/null
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# Remove
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docker rm -f <name>
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```
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Always check for compose files or systemd services that might recreate it.
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## Automated Health Alerts via Cron
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For a set-it-and-forget-it approach, set up a daily cron job that checks Scrutiny's API and auto-delivers a health report. Use the `no_agent=True` + script pattern for deterministic, zero-token-cost monitoring.
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### Script Pattern
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Write a Python script to `~/.hermes/scripts/<name>.py` that:
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1. Fetches `http://localhost:7272/api/summary`
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2. Checks `device_status` (0=unknown, 1=pass, 2=fail) and temp thresholds
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3. Prints a formatted message to stdout — this IS the delivery text
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**Temp thresholds** (safe defaults):
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- **SSDs**: normal <55°C, warm 55–65°C, critical >65°C
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- **HDDs**: normal <48°C, warm 48–55°C, critical >55°C
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**Example script** (`~/.hermes/scripts/scrutiny-health-check.py`):
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import json, urllib.request
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from datetime import datetime
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SCRUTINY_URL = "http://localhost:7272/api/summary"
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def get_scrutiny_data():
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with urllib.request.urlopen(SCRUTINY_URL, timeout=10) as r:
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return json.loads(r.read())
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def check_drives(data):
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devices = data.get("data", {}).get("summary", {})
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issues, healthy = [], []
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for wwn, info in devices.items():
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d = info["device"]
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s = info.get("smart", {})
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name, model = d["device_name"], d.get("model_name", "?")
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temp, status = s.get("temp"), d.get("device_status", 0)
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if status == 2:
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issues.append(f"🔴 **{name}** ({model}) — FAILED")
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continue
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is_ssd = "SSD" in model.upper()
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if temp is not None:
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high = 55 if is_ssd else 48
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crit = 65 if is_ssd else 55
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if temp > crit:
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issues.append(f"🔴 **{name}** ({model}) — Critical temp: {temp}°C")
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continue
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elif temp > high:
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issues.append(f"⚠️ **{name}** ({model}) — High temp: {temp}°C")
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continue
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healthy.append(f"✅ **{name}** ({model}) — 🌡️ {temp}°C" if temp else f"✅ **{name}** ({model})")
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lines = ["📀 **Daily Drive Health Check**\\n"]
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if issues:
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lines.append("**⚠️ Issues Found:**")
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lines.extend(issues)
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lines.append("")
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lines.append("**All Drives:**")
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lines.extend(healthy)
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lines.append("")
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lines.append(f"📅 {datetime.now().strftime('%b %d, %Y %I:%M %p')}")
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lines.append("🛡️ Scrutiny + Hermes")
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return "\\n".join(lines)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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data = get_scrutiny_data()
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print(check_drives(data))
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```
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### Creating the Cron Job
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```bash
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# Create — no_agent=True means script stdout is delivered verbatim
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cronjob(
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action="create",
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name="daily-drive-health-check",
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schedule="0 5 * * *", # daily at 5 AM
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script="scrutiny-health-check.py",
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no_agent=True, # zero LLM tokens, runs the script directly
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deliver="telegram"
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)
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```
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The `no_agent=True` pattern is ideal for:
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- **Watchdog/deterministic checks** — script output IS the message
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||||
- **Zero-token-cost monitoring** — no LLM inference per run
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||||
- **Silent when nothing to report** — script can `sys.exit(0)` without printing
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||||
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For LLM-driven monitoring (e.g., "fetch weather, summarize, format as a briefing"), use the default `no_agent=False` with `recurring-briefings` skill.
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### Script Storage
|
||||
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||||
All scripts go under `~/.hermes/scripts/`. The scheduler loads them relative to this path:
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||||
- `script="scrutiny-health-check.py"` resolves to `~/.hermes/scripts/scrutiny-health-check.py`
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||||
- `.sh`/`.bash` extensions run via bash, everything else via Python
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||||
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||||
## Output Format (Telegram)
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||||
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Present health checks as a facts-first summary with bullet points:
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||||
- Emoji headers per section (✅ ⚠️ 🚨)
|
||||
- Table → bullet list format (Telegram has no table support)
|
||||
- Flags any issues found, then ask if user wants them addressed
|
||||
- End with "overall healthy" assessment or flag items needing attention
|
||||
|
||||
## Pitfalls
|
||||
|
||||
- **Scrutiny doesn't auto-detect new drives** — you must add them to `/opt/scrutiny/config/scrutiny.yaml` AND pass them through via `--device` flag on the container. Config-only changes won't work if the container can't see the device node.
|
||||
- **Removing a drive from config doesn't remove its Scrutiny database record** — use the DELETE API endpoint (`/api/device/{wwn}`) to clean up stale entries.
|
||||
- **When recreating the Scrutiny container, remember to prune old `--device` flags** for drives that were removed or died. Stale passthroughs aren't harmful but clutter the inspect output and confuse future debugging.
|
||||
- **USB drives behind SATA bridges often show SMART checksum errors** — this is normal for USB-attached WD and Toshiba drives (the bridge chipset doesn't pass all SMART attributes cleanly). It doesn't mean the drive is failing.
|
||||
- **`smartctl` may not be installed** on the host — Scrutiny's container handles SMART collection internally.
|
||||
- **`blkid` can hang on failing drives** — skip it if lsblk already shows the drive with no filesystem/partitions.
|
||||
- **`dmesg` requires sudo** — don't skip sudo for kernel log queries.
|
||||
- **System timezone mismatch** — if cron jobs run at unexpected hours (e.g., an 8:30 AM briefing delivers at 4:30 AM), check `timedatectl`. A system on UTC when the user is on Eastern/other timezone shifts all cron schedules. Fix: `sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York` (or appropriate zone). Cron interprets schedules against the system timezone — changing it fixes all existing jobs without rescheduling. **This also fixes any jobs the user complained were too early** — they probably weren't, the clock was just wrong.
|
||||
- **Scrutiny container needs `--device` flags that match current kernel names** — after a reboot, USB drives may get different `/dev/sdX` names (e.g. SanDisk that was `sdc` becomes `sda`). If Scrutiny was created with `--restart unless-stopped`, the container WILL restart after reboot, but its `--device` flags still reference the OLD names. The collector will fail to find those devices. **Fix:** Stop, remove, and recreate the container with updated `--device` flags matching the post-reboot device layout (from `lsblk`). Also update the corresponding entries in `scrutiny.yaml`.
|
||||
- **Parallel queries save time** — use multiple `terminal()` calls for independent checks.
|
||||
- **Restart-loop containers** — `docker ps` shows them as alive; inspect with `docker ps -a` to see the restart count.
|
||||
- **Don't physically yank a failing USB drive** — unbind it cleanly via sysfs (`echo "port" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind`) to avoid kernel panics or filesystem corruption on still-functional mounts.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
# Cockpit: "Cannot refresh cache whilst offline" / PackageKit + NetworkManager Fix
|
||||
|
||||
## Symptom
|
||||
|
||||
Cockpit's **Updates** page shows:
|
||||
> Loading available updates failed — Cannot refresh cache whilst offline
|
||||
|
||||
Yet the system has full internet connectivity — `ping`, `curl`, and `apt update` all work.
|
||||
|
||||
## Root Cause
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu Server, **`systemd-networkd`** handles networking, but **PackageKit** (Cockpit's backend for the updates page) checks **NetworkManager's** D-Bus state to determine if the system is online.
|
||||
|
||||
When NM is installed but has **no connection profile** configured (because systemd-networkd is doing the actual networking), NM reports:
|
||||
```
|
||||
STATE: disconnected CONNECTIVITY: none
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
PackageKit sees this and refuses to refresh the cache — even though the interface is up and routable via systemd-networkd.
|
||||
|
||||
## Diagnosis
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# NM says disconnected even though networking works
|
||||
nmcli general status
|
||||
# → STATE: disconnected CONNECTIVITY: none
|
||||
|
||||
# But systemd-networkd is fine
|
||||
networkctl status
|
||||
# → State: routable
|
||||
# → Online state: partial
|
||||
|
||||
# PackageKit confirms it thinks we're offline
|
||||
busctl get-property org.freedesktop.PackageKit /org/freedesktop/PackageKit org.freedesktop.PackageKit NetworkState
|
||||
# 0 = Offline, 1 = Limited, 2 = Online
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Fix
|
||||
|
||||
Since systemd-networkd is doing all the networking, NetworkManager is redundant. Stop and mask it:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl mask NetworkManager --now
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then restart PackageKit so it re-checks the network state without NM:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart packagekit
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
busctl get-property org.freedesktop.PackageKit /org/freedesktop/PackageKit org.freedesktop.PackageKit NetworkState
|
||||
# → u 2 (Online)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After this, reload Cockpit's updates page — it should work.
|
||||
|
||||
## Verification
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# PackageKit should now report Online
|
||||
busctl get-property org.freedesktop.PackageKit /org/freedesktop/PackageKit org.freedesktop.PackageKit NetworkState
|
||||
# Expected: u 2
|
||||
|
||||
# Confirm networking still works
|
||||
ping -c 1 8.8.8.8
|
||||
curl -s --max-time 5 https://google.com -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Why This Happens
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Server 24+ ships with **both** `systemd-networkd` and `NetworkManager` installed. The server installer configures networkd, not NM. But NM's service is still present and starts, sees no connections, and reports "offline." PackageKit only knows how to check NM — it has no fallback for systems that don't use NM.
|
||||
|
||||
Masking NM is safe and standard on systems where networkd handles all interfaces.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
||||
# Docker User-Defined Bridge: Lost Gateway IPv4 Address
|
||||
|
||||
## Symptom
|
||||
|
||||
A Docker container is running, `docker ps` shows it as healthy, and `docker exec` can reach it from inside. But accessing the published port from the **host** or **other machines on the network** hangs/times out.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ curl -v http://localhost:2283/
|
||||
* Trying 127.0.0.1:2283...
|
||||
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 2283
|
||||
> GET / HTTP/1.1
|
||||
> ...
|
||||
* Request completely sent off
|
||||
* Operation timed out after 10001 milliseconds with 0 bytes received
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Docker-proxy is running and listening on the port, but responses never come back.
|
||||
|
||||
## Diagnosis
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# docker-proxy is running and forwarding correctly
|
||||
ss -tlnp | grep <port>
|
||||
# → LISTEN 0.0.0.0:<port>
|
||||
|
||||
# Docker NAT rule exists
|
||||
sudo iptables -t nat -L DOCKER -n | grep <port>
|
||||
# → DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:<port> to:172.XX.0.X:<port>
|
||||
|
||||
# Docker filter allows traffic
|
||||
sudo iptables -L DOCKER -n | grep <container_ip>
|
||||
|
||||
# But the host can't reach the container's IP
|
||||
ping -c 2 <container_ip>
|
||||
# → 100% packet loss
|
||||
|
||||
# The bridge interface has NO IPv4 address
|
||||
ip addr show br-<hash>
|
||||
# Only shows inet6 fe80::... — NO inet 172.XX.0.1/16
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Root Cause
|
||||
|
||||
Docker's user-defined bridge networks (created by `docker compose`) need a **gateway IP** on the host-side bridge interface (`br-<hash>`). This IP is normally assigned when the network is first created.
|
||||
|
||||
If the bridge loses its IPv4 (e.g. after `docker compose restart` without a full `down`+`up`, or due to a Docker daemon restart), the host has **no route** to the container's subnet:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ip route | grep 172.18
|
||||
# → (nothing — no route)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
docker-proxy still listens and accepts connections, but it forwards to the container's IP via the bridge. Without the host having an IP on that bridge, the forwarded packets can't reach the container and responses can't come back.
|
||||
|
||||
## Fix
|
||||
|
||||
### Preferred: Full Network Recreate
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd /opt/<project>/
|
||||
docker compose down
|
||||
docker compose up -d
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This recreates the network fresh, which assigns the gateway IP correctly. **All containers are recreated**, so the network starts clean.
|
||||
|
||||
### Quick Patch (if downtime is unacceptable)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo ip addr add <gateway_ip>/<mask> dev br-<hash>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Find the gateway IP from `docker network inspect`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
docker network inspect <name> | grep -A 5 '"Config"'
|
||||
# "Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo ip addr add 172.18.0.1/16 dev br-<hash>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This restores connectivity immediately but is **ephemeral** — it won't survive a reboot or Docker daemon restart. Use the full `down && up -d` for a permanent fix.
|
||||
|
||||
### Making the Quick Patch Persistent
|
||||
|
||||
If you need a stopgap before the full restart, create a oneshot systemd service:
|
||||
|
||||
```ini
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Assign IP to Docker bridge
|
||||
After=docker.service
|
||||
Requires=docker.service
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
Type=oneshot
|
||||
ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c "sleep 5"
|
||||
ExecStart=/sbin/ip addr add <gateway_ip>/<mask> dev br-<hash> 2>/dev/null || /bin/true
|
||||
RemainAfterExit=yes
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable --now <service>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Prevention
|
||||
|
||||
- **Avoid `docker compose restart <service>`** for critical containers on user-defined bridge networks if you suspect the network might be degraded
|
||||
- Use **full `docker compose down && docker compose up -d`** when something feels off with container networking
|
||||
- After a **full machine reboot**, Docker recreates everything properly — this issue typically only appears during hot-fixes or partial restarts
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
|
||||
# Pi-hole v6 Diagnostics
|
||||
|
||||
Quick-start for diagnosing "is Pi-hole causing my network issues?" questions. Pi-hole v6 changed the API, CLI, and database schema — the old `pihole -c` (chronometer), `/admin/api.php`, and v5 commands don't work.
|
||||
|
||||
## Decision Flow
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Check if Pi-hole is even the problem** before digging in. If DNS resolves through Pi-hole and no essential domains are blocked, the issue is at the WiFi/router/IP level — not Pi-hole.
|
||||
2. If Pi-hole might be the culprit, query its SQLite database directly.
|
||||
|
||||
## Docker Status
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
docker ps --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}" | grep pihole
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Pi-hole v6 container info:
|
||||
- Status should show `healthy`
|
||||
- Binds port 53 TCP+UDP to host IP (typically `192.168.50.X:53`)
|
||||
- Web UI on port 80 inside container, mapped to host (e.g., `8090:80`)
|
||||
|
||||
## Pi-hole Process Check
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
docker exec pihole pihole status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Expected output:
|
||||
```
|
||||
[✓] FTL is listening on port 53
|
||||
[✓] UDP (IPv4)
|
||||
[✓] TCP (IPv4)
|
||||
[✓] UDP (IPv6)
|
||||
[✓] TCP (IPv6)
|
||||
[✓] Pi-hole blocking is enabled
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Querying the Database (When Web UI Is Locked)
|
||||
|
||||
Pi-hole v6's web API at `/api` requires authentication (session or app password). When locked out, query the SQLite database directly.
|
||||
|
||||
### Database Location
|
||||
|
||||
- **Inside container:** `/etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.db`
|
||||
- **On host (Docker volume):** `/var/lib/docker/volumes/pihole_etc/_data/pihole-FTL.db`
|
||||
|
||||
### Access Pattern
|
||||
|
||||
The `/var/lib/docker` directory has `drwx--x---` permissions — regular users can't traverse it. Copy the DB to a readable location:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo cp /var/lib/docker/volumes/pihole_etc/_data/pihole-FTL.db /tmp/pihole-FTL.db
|
||||
sudo cp /var/lib/docker/volumes/pihole_etc/_data/pihole-FTL.db-wal /tmp/pihole-FTL.db-wal
|
||||
sudo cp /var/lib/docker/volumes/pihole_etc/_data/pihole-FTL.db-shm /tmp/pihole-FTL.db-shm
|
||||
sudo chown $USER:$USER /tmp/pihole-FTL.db*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then query with Python (the Pi-hole container has no Python/sqlite3):
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import sqlite3
|
||||
conn = sqlite3.connect('/tmp/pihole-FTL.db')
|
||||
cur = conn.cursor()
|
||||
|
||||
# Recent queries
|
||||
cur.execute("""
|
||||
SELECT datetime(timestamp, 'unixepoch', 'localtime'), domain, client, status
|
||||
FROM queries ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 30
|
||||
""")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Pi-hole v6 Status Codes
|
||||
|
||||
Status codes in the `queries` table:
|
||||
|
||||
| Code | Meaning | Notes |
|
||||
|------|---------|-------|
|
||||
| 1 | GRAVITY_BLOCKED | Domain in blocklist |
|
||||
| 2 | FORWARDED | Sent to upstream DNS |
|
||||
| 3 | CACHE | Answered from cache |
|
||||
| 4 | REGEX_BLOCKED | Matched regex block rule |
|
||||
| 5 | EXACT_BLOCKED | Exact-match block |
|
||||
| 6 | UPSTREAM_BLOCKED | Blocked by upstream DNS |
|
||||
| 9 | CACHE_STALE | Stale cache entry |
|
||||
| 12 | ALREADY_FORWARDED | Duplicate suppressed |
|
||||
| 14 | CACHED_BLOCKED | Cached as blocked (from prior CNAME-chain inspection) — **this is the dangerous one for false positives** |
|
||||
| 16 | ALREADY_BLOCKED (variant) | Gravity already known |
|
||||
| 17 | RETRIED | First attempt failed, retry succeeded |
|
||||
|
||||
**Status 17 is normal** — it's the dominant status in v6 and means the query succeeded on retry. It does NOT indicate a problem.
|
||||
|
||||
**Only status 1, 4, 5, 6 are actual blocks.** Everything else = allowed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Key Diagnostic Queries
|
||||
|
||||
### Blocked vs Allowed Ratio (last hour)
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT CASE WHEN status IN (1,4,5,6) THEN 'BLOCKED' ELSE 'ALLOWED' END, count(*)
|
||||
FROM queries WHERE timestamp > strftime('%s','now','-1 hour')
|
||||
GROUP BY 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Which Clients Are Using Pi-hole
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT client, count(*) FROM queries
|
||||
WHERE timestamp > strftime('%s','now','-1 hour')
|
||||
GROUP BY client ORDER BY count(*) DESC
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Recent Blocked Domains
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT domain, count(*) FROM queries
|
||||
WHERE timestamp > strftime('%s','now','-1 hour') AND status IN (1,4,5)
|
||||
GROUP BY domain ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 10
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Windows NCSI Pattern (Connectivity Check)
|
||||
Windows devices query `dns.msftncsi.com` every ~60 seconds to verify internet connectivity. If this shows status 17 (RETRIED), the device may be reporting "no internet" even though DNS eventually resolves. This is typically an upstream DNS slowness issue, not a Pi-hole problem.
|
||||
|
||||
## 🔥 Primary Pitfall: Deep CNAME Inspection False Positives
|
||||
|
||||
**This is the #1 cause of "some devices have no internet after DNS change to Pi-hole."**
|
||||
|
||||
When `CNAMEdeepInspect = true` (default in v6), Pi-hole follows CNAME chains. If ANY domain in the chain matches a blocklist entry, the ENTIRE chain is cached as blocked (status 14). The blocklist (e.g., StevenBlack) includes subdomains like `pagead.l.google.com` — these are ad-specific, but CNAME inspection propagates the block to the PARENT `l.google.com`, which kills ALL services on Google infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
**Affected domains (false positives):**
|
||||
- `connectivitycheck.gstatic.com` — Android TV/Shield connectivity check
|
||||
- `dns.msftncsi.com` — Windows NCSI connectivity check
|
||||
- `google.com` — basic connectivity
|
||||
- `ota.nvidia.com` — Shield TV updates
|
||||
- `clients3.google.com`, `android.apis.google.com` — Google Play Services
|
||||
|
||||
**Detection:** Look for status 14 on these domains:
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT domain, count(*) FROM queries WHERE status=14
|
||||
GROUP BY domain ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 20;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Fix — whitelist critical domains (preferred):**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
docker exec pihole pihole -w connectivitycheck.gstatic.com
|
||||
docker exec pihole pihole -w dns.msftncsi.com
|
||||
docker exec pihole pihole -w clients3.google.com
|
||||
docker exec pihole pihole -w ota.nvidia.com
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Alternative — disable deep CNAME inspection:**
|
||||
Set `CNAMEdeepInspect = false` in `/etc/pihole/pihole.toml` (may allow some CNAME-cloaked ads through).
|
||||
|
||||
See also: `pihole-troubleshooting` skill for full diagnostic workflow.
|
||||
|
||||
## Red Flags (Pi-hole IS the Problem)
|
||||
|
||||
- Essential domains (google.com, microsoft.com, apple.com) appearing with status 1, 4, or 5
|
||||
- Status 14 on connectivity-check domains (connectivitycheck.gstatic.com, dns.msftncsi.com) — indicates deep CNAME inspection false positive
|
||||
- Large block percentage (>50%) in last hour
|
||||
- DNS resolution fails from other hosts: `dig @192.168.50.X google.com` times out
|
||||
- Pi-hole container unhealthy or in restart loop
|
||||
|
||||
## Red Herrings (Pi-hole is NOT the Problem)
|
||||
|
||||
- Tracking/analytics domains blocked (app-measurement.com, newrelic.com, doubleclick.net) — these are working as intended
|
||||
- Status 17 (RETRIED) on queries — normal v6 behavior, queries succeed
|
||||
- Some devices working while others don't — if Pi-hole DNS resolves for any device, the DNS layer is fine; connectivity issues are at WiFi/router/IP level (but FIRST rule out deep CNAME inspection false positives above)
|
||||
|
||||
## Router Investigation (When Pi-hole Is Ruled Out)
|
||||
|
||||
Check the ASUS router at 192.168.50.1:
|
||||
1. **System Log → Wireless Log** — are affected devices connected?
|
||||
2. **Network Map → Clients** — do they have valid IPs?
|
||||
3. **WiFi Settings** — Smart Connect / band steering can confuse some devices. Try separating 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz SSIDs.
|
||||
|
||||
## Pi-hole v6 API (When You Have the Password)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Get session
|
||||
curl -s -X POST "http://192.168.50.X:8090/api/auth" \
|
||||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
||||
-d '{"password":"YOUR_PASSWORD"}'
|
||||
|
||||
# Get summary (after auth)
|
||||
curl -s "http://192.168.50.X:8090/api/stats/summary" \
|
||||
-H "Authorization: Bearer SESSION_TOKEN"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Other v6 Changes from v5
|
||||
|
||||
- `pihole -c` (chronometer) → removed, use PADD
|
||||
- `/admin/api.php` → `/api` (different path, authentication required)
|
||||
- `gravity.db` → replaced by `gravity` table in `pihole-FTL.db`
|
||||
- Container has no Python or sqlite3 — query from host
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
# USB Drive Enclosures & Docks — Linux Compatibility Guide
|
||||
|
||||
## Chipset Rankings for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
| Chipset | UASP | SMART Passthrough | Reliability | Verdict |
|
||||
|---------|:----:|:-----------------:|:-----------:|:--------|
|
||||
| **ASMedia ASM1153E / ASM235CM** | ✅ Excellent | ✅ `-d sat` | ✅ Rock-solid | **Gold standard** |
|
||||
| **ASMedia ASM1351** | ✅ Good | ✅ `-d sat` | ✅ Good | Found in TerraMaster, QNAP enclosures |
|
||||
| **JMicron JMS578 / JMS561** | ⚠️ Good | ✅ `-d sat,12` | ⚠️ Occasional UAS abort storms | Acceptable with quirks |
|
||||
| **Realtek RTL9210B-CG** | ⚠️ Mixed | ❌ Poor for SATA | ⚠️ Intermittent disconnects | **Avoid for HDDs** |
|
||||
| **VIA VL812 / VL822** | ⚠️ Fair | ❌ Often fails | ⚠️ Inconsistent | Not recommended |
|
||||
|
||||
### Key insight
|
||||
**ASMedia is the only chipset that "just works"** on modern Linux kernels with full UASP + SMART passthrough. JMicron works but can produce the same `uas_eh_abort_handler` errors seen with failing USB drives — making it hard to distinguish a bad chipset from a bad drive. Realtek's SATA mode is unreliable.
|
||||
|
||||
## Recommended Models
|
||||
|
||||
### Single-bay (for one IronWolf Pro / single backup drive)
|
||||
|
||||
| Model | Chipset | Price | Notes |
|
||||
|-------|---------|-------|-------|
|
||||
| **Sabrent DS-UB3C1** (dock) | ASMedia ASM1153E | ~$18 | Most popular dock on Linux |
|
||||
| **Sabrent EC-UASP** (enclosure) | ASMedia ASM1153E | ~$20 | Well-tested enclosure |
|
||||
| **UGREEN CM121** (enclosure) | ASMedia ASM235CM | ~$24 | Newer chip, runs cool |
|
||||
| **Startech SATDOCKU3SEF** (dock) | ASMedia ASM1153E | ~$32 | Heavy-duty build |
|
||||
|
||||
### Two-bay (JBOD — drives appear as separate devices)
|
||||
|
||||
| Model | Chipset | Price | Notes |
|
||||
|-------|---------|-------|-------|
|
||||
| **TerraMaster D2-320** | ASMedia ASM235CM + JMB575 | ~$75 | **Best choice** — full UASP + SMART, hardware JBOD dip switch, no kernel quirks |
|
||||
| **Yottamaster D35-2C** | Realtek RTL9210B-CG | ~$65 | Cheaper, but Realtek bridge can have AMD XHCI disconnect issues |
|
||||
| **Sabrent DS-2BCR** | ASMedia ASM225CM | ~$100 | Premium build, tool-free trays, silent fan |
|
||||
| **Mediasonic ProBox HF2-SU3S2** | JMS539 (BOT only, no UASP!) | ~$60 | **Avoid** — no UASP, unreliable SMART |
|
||||
| **ORICO 2-bay** | VIA VL812 lottery | ~$45 | **Avoid** — chipset lottery, underpowered 24W PSU |
|
||||
|
||||
## Power Supply Notes
|
||||
|
||||
- **Two 3.5" HDDs peak at ~25W each during spin-up** (12V × ~2A)
|
||||
- Minimum safe PSU for 2-bay: **12V/3A (36W)** — adequate but marginal
|
||||
- Recommended: **12V/5A (60W)** brick (~$15 upgrade) for headroom
|
||||
- ORICO's 12V/2A (24W) PSU is dangerously underpowered for two HDDs
|
||||
|
||||
## SMART Verification
|
||||
|
||||
After connecting, verify everything works:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Confirm UASP driver loaded
|
||||
lsusb -t | grep uas
|
||||
|
||||
# Full SMART data
|
||||
sudo smartctl -a -d sat /dev/sdX
|
||||
|
||||
# Check temperature and power-on hours
|
||||
sudo smartctl -a -d sat /dev/sdX | grep -E 'Temperature|Power_On_Hours'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If `smartctl` returns no data or errors, the enclosure chipset doesn't support SMART passthrough.
|
||||
|
||||
## JBOD Mode vs RAID
|
||||
|
||||
- **JBOD** (Just a Bunch Of Disks) = each drive appears as a separate `/dev/sdX` — what you want for "backup + backup of backup"
|
||||
- **RAID 0** = striping (fast, no redundancy)
|
||||
- **RAID 1** = mirroring (redundant but both drives show as one device — NOT what you want for independent backups)
|
||||
- **RAID mode on the enclosure does NOT replace software backup** — use it in JBOD mode and let rsync/rclone handle the actual backup logic
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Daily Scrutiny drive health check — outputs formatted health report to stdout.
|
||||
|
||||
Designed for cron jobs with no_agent=True: script output is delivered verbatim.
|
||||
All-clear days produce a quiet report; flagged drives show in red/orange.
|
||||
|
||||
Temp thresholds:
|
||||
- SSDs: normal <55°C, warm 55-65°C, critical >65°C
|
||||
- HDDs: normal <48°C, warm 48-55°C, critical >55°C
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
import urllib.request
|
||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
|
||||
SCRUTINY_URL = "http://localhost:7272/api/summary"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def get_scrutiny_data():
|
||||
try:
|
||||
with urllib.request.urlopen(SCRUTINY_URL, timeout=10) as r:
|
||||
return json.loads(r.read())
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
print(f"❌ *Scrutiny Health Check Failed*\nCould not reach Scrutiny API: {e}")
|
||||
sys.exit(0)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def check_drives(data):
|
||||
devices = data.get("data", {}).get("summary", {})
|
||||
if not devices:
|
||||
print("❌ *Scrutiny Health Check*\nNo drives found in Scrutiny.")
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
issues = []
|
||||
healthy = []
|
||||
|
||||
for wwn, info in devices.items():
|
||||
d = info.get("device", {})
|
||||
s = info.get("smart", {})
|
||||
|
||||
name = d.get("device_name", "?")
|
||||
model = d.get("model_name", "Unknown")
|
||||
temp = s.get("temp")
|
||||
hours = s.get("power_on_hours", 0)
|
||||
status = d.get("device_status", 0)
|
||||
|
||||
if status == 2:
|
||||
issues.append(f"🔴 *{name}* ({model}) — FAILED status")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
is_ssd = "SSD" in model.upper()
|
||||
if temp is not None:
|
||||
high_warn = 55 if is_ssd else 48
|
||||
high_crit = 65 if is_ssd else 55
|
||||
if temp > high_crit:
|
||||
issues.append(f"🔴 *{name}* ({model}) — Critical temp: {temp}°C")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
elif temp > high_warn:
|
||||
issues.append(f"⚠️ *{name}* ({model}) — High temp: {temp}°C")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
temp_str = f"🌡️ {temp}°C"
|
||||
else:
|
||||
temp_str = "N/A temp"
|
||||
|
||||
healthy.append(f"✅ *{name}* ({model}) — {temp_str}")
|
||||
|
||||
lines = ["📀 *Daily Drive Health Check*\n"]
|
||||
if issues:
|
||||
lines.append("*⚠️ Issues Found:*")
|
||||
lines.extend(issues)
|
||||
lines.append("")
|
||||
|
||||
lines.append("*All Drives:*")
|
||||
lines.extend(healthy)
|
||||
lines.append("")
|
||||
lines.append(f"📅 {datetime.now().strftime('%b %d, %Y %I:%M %p')}")
|
||||
lines.append("🛡️ Scrutiny + Hermes")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n".join(lines))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
data = get_scrutiny_data()
|
||||
check_drives(data)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user